Submissions

Submission Preparation Checklist

All submissions must meet the following requirements.

• This submission complies with all requirements outlined in the Submission Overview and Manuscript Preparation sections.
• This manuscript has not been previously published and is not under consideration by any other journal.
• All authors have read and approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to this journal.
• The manuscript’s similarity index is ≤20% overall (excluding reference list), with no single source exceeding 5%.
• The manuscript follows the formatting requirements of the journal and is written in clear, grammatically correct English.
• A cover letter has been prepared and uploaded along with this submission.
• All tables and figures are properly numbered, labelled, and cited in the text.
• All references have been verified for accuracy and completeness.
• For studies involving human participants, informed consent has been obtained from all participants, and the study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards (e.g., Declaration of Helsinki) and approved by the relevant ethics committee.
• Ethical approval has been obtained for studies involving animals, if applicable.
• The manuscript adheres to standards for reporting (e.g., CONSORT, PRISMA, ARRIVE) as applicable.
• Permission has been obtained for the publication of all photos, datasets, and other materials included in this submission (Submit Permission Letter).